George Washington - 891 Words

The soldier’s time to serve would be up in just ten days, the British continued to win battles, all hope of winning the war was fading and everyone was ready to put down their weapons and surrender to Great Britain. However, George Washington was not settling with anything less than trying their best. He kept that little flicker of hope that was still left, alive. The Continental Congress did not see much hope in the war either and turned the responsibility of the war to General George Washington. Washington received a message from Congress saying, â€Å"Full power to direct all things relative†¦ to the operations of war.† (Dupuy 63-64). Although Washington did not see this as much of an honor he did what he could with his new power. In ten days†¦show more content†¦Ewing was supposed to cross with his group of about one thousand men down south while General Caldwalader was supposed to cross at Bristol with two thousand men, however they did not succeed in crossing. Luckily Washington succeeded and caught the Hessians by surprise. The battle did not last long and Washington and his men came out with a victory. They captured nine hundred eighteen Hessians and killed approximately one hundred while the Patriots only had 5 casualties (Murphy). The Battle of Trenton persuaded men to reenlist so Washington would still have an army in the new year. Washington planned on surprising the British in Princeton, but decided to wait considering Ewing and Caldwalader never made it across the river. A week later, on Janua ry 3, 1777 Washington recrossed the Delaware River with his troop into Princeton. The battle lasted less than an hour, but around one hundred British men were killed or wounded and they captured two hundred. The Americans only suffered forty casualties (Dupuy 83-84). These two wins boosted the patriot’s morale and helped Washington rise back to the top as a military commander (Murphy). These two victories also convinced America that the war was not over yet, there was still hope. Overall winning these battles created a spark of hope and a wave of electricity. There were many battles Washington led, butShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Founder of a New Nation There are few figures as large in American history as George Washington. His powerful leadership, determination, and endless patriotism was essential for winning the Revolutionary War, the creation of the United States Constitution, and the establishment of a new government. There are three defining events that happened to George during his life in colonial America. His proper childhood upbringing, his military leadership in the revolutionary war, and his electionRead MoreGeorge Washington2434 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Discipline is the soul of an army. It makes small numbers formidable; procures success to the weak, and esteem to all† George Washington. This quote was said by one of the most intelligent, ambitious military genius; George Washington. Washington used his mind in fighting war instead of just brute force. He turned the battlefield and the art of war into a chess match. Washington’s efforts in the Revolutionary War were very significant I that they ultimately help lead to the American victory in theRead More George Washington Essays897 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Washington - The Father of Our Country Why has George Washington earned the title Father of our Country? He was a great military leader and served as a general in the Revolutionary War. Washington was very involved in setting up the government of the United States and served as the first President. He is the most honored of any President and there are many things that help us remember him often. With all he has contributed to the success of our country, he certainly deserves this titleRead MoreGeorge Washington Paper1005 Words   |  5 PagesFast Facts on George Washington * Born: February 22, 1732 Pope’s Creek, Virginia * Children: no natural children (Adopted the children of Martha Custis) *Grandfather by marriage of Confederate General Robert E. Lee * Military Service: Commander General, Revolutionary War * Profession: Surveyor/Planter * Political Party: Federalist * Home State: Virginia * Political Offices: Chairman of Constitutional Convention * Died: December 14, 1799 (Age- 670 Last Words:Read More George Washington Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages George Washington George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He attended school for approximately eight years. Washington lived with his mother until the age of 16. At the age of 15, Washington took a job as an assistant land surveyor. In 1748, he began working in the Shanandoah Valley to help survey the land holdings of Lord Fairfax. By 1749, he established a good reputation as a land surveyor and was appointed Culpeper counties official land surveyor. WashingtonRead MoreEssay on George Washington628 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Washington George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 on Popes Creek Farm in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The family George was born into consisted of his father, Augustine Washington, his mother, Mary Washington, and five brothers and sisters: Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred. There were also three other older children from his fathers first marriage to Jane Butler, who died in 1729: thirteen year-old Lawrence, twelve year-old Augustine and nine year-oldRead MoreEssay george washington1077 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born in Westmoreland County, Va., on Feb. 22, 1732. George Washington of six children of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington. At the age of 16, he lived there and at other plantations along the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers, including the river later to be known as Mount Vernon. His education was simple, as surveying, mathematics, and quot;rules of civility.quot; After he lost his father in 1743 at the age of eleven. He was soon sent toRead More George Washington Essay691 Words   |  3 Pages George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the eldest of six children by Augustine Washington and his second wife Mary Ball. The majority of Washington’s education came from his father and after his death when George was 11 years of age in 1743, his elder half-brother Lawrence. Young Ge orge quickly learned the trade of surveying and at the age of 16 in 1748 he joined a surveying party sent out to the Shenandoah Valley by Lord Fairfax, a land baron. ForRead MoreEssay on George Washington1186 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Washington and the Revolution George Washington was a part of Gods plan for a new country. What he did influenced what America has become. He laid the foundation for presidents to come, and built this country on solid Christian principles. George Washington was born February 22, 1732. His family lived on a few farms on the Potomac River. George was a strong boy. He could ride a horse and shoot a gun by age 10. When George was ten his older brother Lawrence came homeRead MoreThe Legacy Of George Washington Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesThe revered and respected first president, George Washington, gave the US hope during one of its most difficult times. Using the events and circumstances of his life to learn and advance his position, he grew from humble beginnings into a legend. George Washington had a valuable, well-rounded education from ages seven to fifteen, studying all the subjects (Nevins and Graff). Due to his father’s death, George grew up under the supervision of his half-brother Lawrence at Mount Vernon, learning many

Essay about The Approach to the Care of Cancer - 1384 Words

The Approach to Care of Cancer Kia Nordenskiold September 30, 2012 The Approach to Care of Cancer Cancer refers to a group of diseases that involve uncontrolled cell growth (Corner Bailey, 2008). The unregulated cell division and growth leads to the formation of malignant tumors that invade bordering body parts. Cancer may also spread to distant areas of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Determining the causes of cancer is a complex process, however studies have shown that obesity, tobacco use, environmental pollutants, and microwave radiations, increase the risk of the health problems (Corner Bailey, 2008). Early detection of cancer is extremely†¦show more content†¦Studies have shown that cancer and many medical interventions of cancer affect bowels and lead to constipation or diarrhea. Chemotherapy is a likely cause of diarrhea since it affects the intestinal linings. Constipation may take place because of pain and strong anticancer medications. This can also occur due to insufficient intake of fluids and fiber cont ent in daily meals. Fatigue is another complication that cancer patients experience before and during treatment (Jones, 1998). It is among the most distressing complications of cancer and outcome from treatment interventions. The cause of fatigue during medical management includes radiation therapy or chemotherapy treatment. Breathing difficulty is a frequent complication that many lung cancer patients experience due to the cancer itself or cancer related treatments (Lee Wood, 2010). The growth of cancerous cells in lungs may block air passages, which will lead to suffocation. This is a serious complication and physicians have to look for a timely intervention strategy. Side Effects of Treatments Treatment of cancer causes a number of side effects including constipation, vomiting, delirium, insomnia, mouth sores, and fatigue as the frequent sideShow MoreRelatedApproach to Cancer Care1017 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Approach to Care of Cancer To attain an effect approach to care of cancer there need for a holistic approach on the benefits to the patient. In the year 2010, the number of new cases of cancer was estimated to at 1.52 million cases with close to 570,000 of these people expected to die. This marks a 68% improvement compared to the initial survival rate of five years upon diagnosis. Associated costs in cancer treatment are on the rise. In the United States, costs amount to $263.8 billion whereRead MoreApproach to Cancer Care Essay2354 Words   |  10 PagesApproach to Cancer care Nursing 410v Grand Canyon University October 5, 2011 Staging is the process of finding out how much cancer there is in the body and where it is located. It is how the doctor learns the stage of a persons cancer. Doctors use this information to plan treatment and to help predict a persons outlook (prognosis). Cancers with the same stage tend to have similar outlooks and are often treated the same way. The cancer stage is also a way for doctors to describe the extentRead MoreThe Approach To Care Of Cancer. Introduce. According To1799 Words   |  8 PagesThe Approach to Care of Cancer Introduce According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016), in America cancer is the second leading cause of death and one of every four deaths because of it. Cancer can impact on anyone in all ages and even your significant ones. Therefore, facing the issues of cancer is imperative in order to aid people to fight cancer as well as maintain and enhance the quality of life and the ability of social interaction. In order to comprehend the approach to theRead MoreCare And The Cancer Patient1577 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: APPROACH TO CARE AND THE CANCER PATIENT Approach to Care and the Cancer Patient Jennifer Swartz Grand Canyon University NRS 410 October 28, 2012 Approach to Care and the Cancer Patient â€Å"When it comes to cancer care, studies suggest that survival rates improve for patients when they are cared for by a multidisciplinary team† (Approach to Care, 2012, p. 1). This quote from the Wilmot Cancer Center’s article on how to approach care with cancer patients sums up two key piecesRead MoreCancer Pain Management And The Role Of Social Work855 Words   |  4 Pagesthis article â€Å"Cancer pain management and the role of social work: Barriers and interventions,† will increase social workers’ awareness of the pervasiveness of cancer-related pain. (Scott Reeves, 2010) It is vital for a social worker to identify the barriers and develop a plan of intervention that include; communication, assessment, problem solving, and psychological support. The quality of life has become more and more significant in the management of cancer. Patients with cancer are survivingRead MoreIs Cancer A Second Biggest Killer Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Australians?1750 Words   |  7 PagesCancer is the second biggest killer of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (Newman, et al., 2012, p. 434). The mortality rate in Aboriginal communities is more than three times higher than in non-Aboriginal communities. â€Å"One Size Fits All? The discursive framing of cultural difference in the health professional accounts of providing cancer care to Aboriginal People† is the title of a Peer-Reviewed journal article written by authors Newman et al.,. The main aim of this journal is toRead MoreCancer Is A Serious And Ever Growing Disease Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesCancer is a serious and ever growing disease throughout the United States and across the globe. According to data from the National Cancer Institute (20 16), about 39.6% of men and women will receive a cancer diagnosis within their lifetime. Due to advancements in screening and treatment, more people are now living with cancer longer than ever before. In 2014, there were close to 14.5 million people living with a cancer diagnosis and this number is going to rise nearly 5 million over the followingRead MorePosition Paper- Palliative vs Curative Care1310 Words   |  6 PagesPosition Paper- Palliative vs Curative care. According to the World Heath Organisation (WHO, 2011), Palliative care is an approach, which aims to improve quality of life of patients and families who are crippled with life threatening illnesses. Alternatively, curative care is an approach that aims to prolong life through technological advances and medicine. It seems that the best approach to health care, would be to improve the quality of life as well as prolong life, through a combination ofRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancers are classified by several classifications as: - Histopathology - Grades - Stages - Receptor status. Each of these influences the prognosis and can affect treatment response. Description of a breast cancer optimally includes all of these factors: †¢ Histopathology: Breast cancer is usually classified primarily by its histological appearance. Most breast cancers are derived from the epithelium lining the ducts or lobules, and these cancers are classified as ductal or lobular carcinomaRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Devastating Disease953 Words   |  4 PagesSituation: Breast cancer is a devastating disease that has continued to take many lives throughout the years. This form of cancer is the second most cause of death after heart disease and while synonymous with women, breast cancer can also develop in men. However, breast cancer in men is very rare and it is estimated that only 150 men are diagnosed with breast cancer in New York each year as opposed to their female counterparts, of which an estimated number of 15,000 women are diagnosed each year

Empirical Investigation of Manufacturing Firms †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Empirical Investigation of Manufacturing Firms. Answer: Introduction: Organizations face both the dynamic business as well as global business situations, which are immensely important for developing employee performances and to stay competitive. The human resource managers play a major role in this by ensuring that organizations develop in such a manner that facilitates learning. The learning theories can be designed by the organizations in such a way so that the human resource practitioners consider the appropriate ones like the behaviorist and cognitive, while facilitating the learning activities. The emergence of the behaviorist theories mainly focuses on the utilization of scientific approaches in order to explain the learning procedure. However, the cognitive theories largely focus on the range of human learning, like problem solving, concept forming, memory, reasoning, symbolization, perception and language (Zahra 2012). The cognitive and behaviorist learning theories are mostly connected with the personal views of learning. The behaviorist theories focus more on the changing behavior of the employees. In addition to this, the cognitive theories of learning largely focus on the wide range of human learning like perception, memory, problem solving and others. The cognitive learning theories let people gain an understanding by assimilating the information in various forms like concepts, facts, principles and more (Flores et al. 2012). It involves a common element of understanding the internal mental processes or personal learning views. For example; in MTN South Africa, learning is viewed as an integral part within the organization. In todays fast and dynamic business world, MTN stays ahead of competition by enhancing as well as developing their employees skills as well as knowledge. In their organization, employees are the greatest assets. In simpler terms, MTN view their employees as the most valuable resource of the organization. This view is connected with the learning theories as they focus on behaviorist as well as cognitive theories, at large (Alegre and Chiva 2013). Moreover, this strategy of the company is ensuring huge success within the organization and at the same time, it promotes continual improvements. Learning theories help in shaping and influencing good practice in general. They are basically conceptual frameworks that describe how the knowledge is being processes, retained and absorbed during the learning procedure. For example; in MTN South Africa the cognitive, environmental, emotional influences and also prior experiences play a major part in understanding, shaping as well as influencing the world view, in general. Moreover, the behaviorists look at the learning aspects of conditioning which will advocate the system of targets as well as rewards in the learning system of organizations. Educators and organizational leaders who embrace the cognitive theories believe that learning is a change in the behavior and complexities of human memory (Noruzy et al. 2013). To recommend, MTN South Africa can implement more innovative and technological nature of business in order to create as well as develop new products or services on the basis of the consumers needs and desires. Moreover, a creative learning environment will also enhance competitiveness, improve employee morale and in turn, increase productivity. In addition to this, the organization should also emphasize the importance of cognitive theories of learning to interpret the knowledge among the employees. Furthermore, the organization should keep in mind that learning is much better when the learners are active instead of passive. Learning theories can be applied in the context of design as well as delivery of the organizational learning. For example; MTN South Africa should promote knowledge based resources in order to promote organizational learning. Knowledge leveraging and diffusion inside the workplace creates efficiency in addition to the knowledge transfer. The organization should conduct various learning programs and events in order to train and develop their employees on the basis of their competency level. Such programs proliferate as firms keeps on improving to win over other markets. Competitive success always depends on the learning programs and employees keep on knowing more about the company. Furthermore, such programs help in enhancing the knowledge of the firms capital. More and more attention should be given to the elements of the organizations such as, organizational practices, individuals, groups, syndicates and even consultants (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez 2012) . The training and development programs help in promoting the organizational learning at the workplace. Educators or organizational leaders aim to enhance the knowledge capital of the firm. The organizational managers of MTN South Africa make their significant contributions to the organizational learning in order to educate their employees regarding the workplace values, policies, aim and procedures. Moreover, they give more attention to the organizational members in order to encourage learning as well as creativity. These programs generally motivate as well as encourage the employees to work better, which in turn enhances workplace productivity. In addition to this, educated employees work better in the competitive environment of the business (Argote 2012). This will also help in limiting the barriers and contribute to the competitive advantage of the organization. References Alegre, J. and Chiva, R., 2013. Linking entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: the role of organizational learning capability and innovation performance.Journal of Small Business Management,51(4), pp.491-507. Argote, L., 2012.Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media. Flores, L.G., Zheng, W., Rau, D. and Thomas, C.H., 2012. Organizational learning: Subprocess identification, construct validation, and an empirical test of cultural antecedents. Journal of Management,38(2), pp.640-667. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. Noruzy, A., Dalfard, V.M., Azhdari, B., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S. and Rezazadeh, A., 2013. Relations between transformational leadership, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,64(5-8), pp.1073-1085. Zahra, S.A., 2012. Organizational learning and entrepreneurship in family firms: Exploring the moderating effect of ownership and cohesion.Small business economics,38(1), pp.51-65.

Virtual Reality

Virtual Reality What it is and How it Works Essay Imagine being able to point into the sky and fly. Orperhaps walk through space and connect molecules together. These are some of the dreams that have come with theinvention of virtual reality. With the introduction ofcomputers, numerous applications have been enhanced orcreated. The newest technology that is being tapped is thatof artificial reality, or virtual reality (VR). WhenMorton Heilig first got a patent for his SensoramaSimulator in 1962, he had no idea that 30 years laterpeople would still be trying to simulate reality and thatthey would be doing it so effectively. Jaron Lanier firstcoined the phrase virtual reality around 1989, and it hasstuck ever since. Unfortunately, this catchy name hascaused people to dream up incredible uses for thistechnology including using it as a sort of drug. This becameevident when, among other people, Timothy Leary becameinterested in VR. This has also worried some of theresearchers who are trying to create very real applicationsfor medical, space, physical, chemical, and entertainmentuses among other things. We will write a custom essay on Virtual Reality What it is and How it Works specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In order to create this alternate reality, however, youneed to find ways to create the illusion of reality with apiece of machinery known as the computer. This is done withseveral computer-user interfaces used to simulate thesenses. Among these, are stereoscopic glasses to make thesimulated world look real, a 3D auditory display to givedepth to sound, sensor lined gloves to simulate tactilefeedback, and head-trackers to follow the orientation of thehead.Since the technology is fairly young, theseinterfaces have not been perfected, making for a somewhatcartoonish simulated reality. Stereoscopic vision is probably the most importantfeature of VR because in real life, people rely mainly onvision to get places and do things. The eyes areapproximately 6.5 centimeters apart, and allow you to have afull-colour, three-dimensional view of the world. Stereoscopy, in itself, is not a very new idea, but the newtwist is trying to generate completely new images in real-time. In 1933, Sir Charles Wheatstone invented the firststereoscope with the same basic principle being used intodays head-mounted displays. Presenting different viewsto each eye gives the illusion of three dimensions. Theglasses that are used today work by using what is called anelectronic shutter. The lenses of the glasses interleavethe left-eye and right-eye views every thirtieth of asecond. The shutters selectively block and admit views ofthe screen in sync with the interleaving, allowing theproper views to go into each eye. The problem with thismethod though is that you have to wear special glasses. Most VR researchers use complicated headsets, but it ispossible to create stereoscopic three-dimensional imageswithout them. One such way is through the use of lenticularlenses. These lenses, known since Herman Ives experimentedwith them in 1930, allow one to take two images, cut theminto thin vertical slices and interleave them in preciseorder (also called multiplexing) and put cylinder shapedlenses in front of them so that when you look into themdirectly, the images correspond with each eye. Thisillusion of depth is based on what is called binocularparallax. Another problem that is solved is that whichoccurs when one turns their head. Nearby objects appear tomove more than distant objects. This is called motionparallax. Lenticular screens can show users the properstereo images when moving their heads well when a head-motion sensor is used to adjust the effect. Sound is another important part of daily life, and thusmust be simulated well in order to create artificialreality. Many scientists including Dr. Elizabeth Wenzel, aresearcher at NASA, are convinced the 3D audio will beuseful for scientific visualization and space applicationsin the ways the 3D video is somewhat limited. She has comeup with an interesting use for virtual sound that wouldallow an astronaut to hear the state of their oxygen, orhave an acoustical beacon that directs one to a trouble spoton a satellite. The Convolvotron is one such device thatsimulates the location of up to four audio channels with asort of imaginary sphere surrounding the listener. Thisdevice takes into account that each person has specializedauditory signal processing, and personalizes what eachperson hears. Using a position sensor from Polhemus, another VRresearch company, it is possible to move the position ofsound by simply moving a small cube around in your hand. The key to the Convolvotron is something called the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF), which is a set ofmathematically modelable responses that our ears impose onthe signals they get from the air. In order to develop theHRTF, researchers had to sit people in an anechoic roomsurrounded with 144 different speakers to measure theeffects of hearing precise sounds from every direction byusing tiny microphone probes placed near the eardrums of thelistener. The way in which those microphones distorted thesound from all directions was a specific model of the waythat persons ears impose a complex signal on incoming soundwaves in order to encode it in their spatial environment. The map of the results is then converted to numbers and acomputer performs about 300 million operations per second(MIPS) to create a numerical model based on the HRTF whichmakes it possible to reconfigure any sound source so that itappears to be coming from any number of different pointswithin the acoustic sphere. This portion of a VR system can really enhance the visualand tactile responses. Imagine hearing the sound offootsteps behind you in a dark alley late at night. That ishow important 3D sound really is. The third important sense that we use in everyday life isthat of touch. There is no way of avoiding the feeling oftouch, and thus this is one of the technologies that isbeing researched upon most feverishly. The two main typesof feedback that are being researched are that of force-reflection feedback and tactile feedback. Force feedbackdevices exert a force against the user when they try to pushsomething in a virtual world that is heavy. Tactilefeedback is the sensation of feeling an object such as thetexture of sandpaper. Both are equally important in thedevelopment of VR. Currently, the most successful development in force-reflective feedback is that of the Argonne RemoteManipulator (ARM). It consists of a group of articulatedjoints, encoiled by long bunches of electrical cables. TheARM allows for six degrees of movement (position andorientation) to give a true feel of movement. Suspendedfrom the ceiling and connected by a wire to the computer,this machine grants a user the power to reach out andmanipulate 3D objects that are not real. As is the case atthe University of North Carolina, it is possible to dockmolecules using VR. Simulating molecular forces andtranslating them into physical forces allows the ARM to pushback at the user if he tries to dock the moleculesincorrectly. .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d , .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .postImageUrl , .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d , .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d:hover , .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d:visited , .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d:active { border:0!important; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d:active , .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ee18bfca424b33dadeb80b70527cc3d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Key Human Resource Activities Of Reliance Communications Commerce EssayTactile feedback is just as important as force feedbackin allowing the user to feel computer-generated objects. There are several methods for providing tactile feedback. Some of these include inflating air bladders in a glove,arrays of tiny pins moved by shape memory wires, and evenfingertip piezoelectric vibrotactile actuators. The lattermethod uses tiny crystals that vibrate when an electriccurrent stimulates them. This design has not really takenoff however, but the other two methods are being moreactively researched. According to a report called TactileSensing in Humans and Robots, distortions inside the skinscause mechanosensitive nerve terminals to respond withelectrical impulses. Each impulse is approximately 50 to100mV in magnitude and 1 ms in duration. However, thefrequency of the impulses (up to a maximum of 500/s) dependson the intensity of the combination of the stresses in thearea near the receptor which is responsive. In other words,the sensors which affect pressure in the skin are allbasically the same, but can convey a message over and overto give the feeling of pressure. Therefore, in order tohave any kind of tactile response system, there must be afrequency of about 500 Hz in order to simulate the tactileaccuracy of the human. Right now however, the gloves being usedare used as input devices. One such device is that called theDataGlove. This well-fitting glove has bundles of opticfibers attached at the knuckles and joints. Light is passedthrough these optic fibers at one end of the glove. When afinger is bent, the fibers also bend, and the amount oflight that is allowed through the fiber can be converted todetermine the location at which the user is. The type ofglove that is wanted is one that can be used as an input andoutput device. Jim Hennequin has worked on an Air Musclethat inflates and deflates parts of a glove to allow thefeeling of various kinds of pressure. Unfortunately at thistime, the feel it creates is somewhat crude. The companyTiNi is exploring the possibility of using shape memoryalloys to create tactile response devices. TiNi uses analloy called nitinol as the basis for a small grid of whatlo ok like ballpoint-pen tips. Nitinol can take the shape ofwhatever it is cast in, and can be reshaped. Then when itis electrically stimulated, the alloy it can return to itsoriginal cast shape. The hope is that in the future some ofthese techniques will be used to form a complete body suitthat can simulate tactile sensation. Being able to determine where in the virtual world meansyou need to have orientation and position trackers to followthe movements of the head and other parts of the body thatare interfacing with the computer. Many companies havedeveloped successful methods of allowing six degrees offreedom including Polhemus Research, and Shooting StarTechnology. Six degrees of freedom refers to a combinationcartesian coordinate system and an orientation system withrotation angles called roll, pitch and yaw. The ADL-1 fromShooting Star is a sophisticated and inexpensive (relativeto other trackers) 6D tracking system which is mounted onthe head, and converts position and orientation informationinto a readable form for the computer. The machinecalculates head/object position by the use of a lightweight,multiply-jointed arm. Sensors mounted on this arm measurethe angles of the joints. The computer-based control unituses these angles to compute position-orientationinformation so that the user can manipul ate a virtual world. The joint angle transducers use conductive plasticpotentiometers and ball bearings so that this machine isheavy duty. Time-lag is eliminated by the direct-readingtransducers and high speed microprocessor, allowing for amaximum update rate of approximately 300measurements/second. Another system developed by Ascension Technology doesbasically the same thing as the ADL-1, but the sensor is inthe form of a small cube which can fit in the users hand orin a computer mouse specially developed to encase it. TheAscension Bird is the first system that generates and sensesDC magnetic fields. The Ascension Bird first measures theearths magnetic field and then the steady magnetic fieldgenerated by the transmitter. The earths field is thensubtracted from the total, which allows one to yield trueposition and orientation measurements.The existingelectromagnetic systems transmit a rapidly varying AC field. As this field varies, eddy currents are induced in nearbymetals which causes the metals to become electromagnetswhich distort the measurements. The Ascension Bird uses asteady DC magnetic filed which does not create an eddycurrent. The update rate of the Bird is 100measurements/second. However, the Bird has a small lag ofabout 1/60th of a second which is noticeable. Researchers have also thought about supporting the othersenses such as taste and smell, but have decided that it isunfeasible to do. Smell would be possible, and wouldenhance reality, but there is a certain problem with thefact that there is only a limited spectrum of smells thatcould be simulated. Taste is basically a disgusting premisefrom most standpoints. It might be useful for entertainmentpurposes, but has almost no purpose for researchers ordevelopers. For one thing, people would have to put somekind of receptors in their mouths and it would be veryunsanitary. Thus, the main senses that are relied on in avirtual reality are sight, touch, and hearing. Applications of Virtual RealityVirtual Reality has promise for nearly every industryranging from architecture and design to movies andentertainment, but the real industry to gain from thistechnology is science, in general. The money that can besaved examining the feasibility of experiments in anartificial world before they are done could be great, andthe money saved on energy used to operate such things aswind tunnels quite large. The best example of how VR can help science is that ofthe molecular docking experiments being done in ChapelHill, North Carolina. Scientists at the University of NorthCarolina have developed a system that simulated the bondingof molecules. But instead of using complicated formulas todetermine bonding energy, or illegible stick drawings, thepotential chemist can don a high-tech head-mounted display,attach themselves to an artificial arm from the ceiling andactually push the molecules together to determine whether ornot they can be connected. The chemical bonding processtakes on a sort of puzzle-like quality, in which evenchildren could learn to form bonds using a trial and errormethod. .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 , .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .postImageUrl , .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 , .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304:hover , .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304:visited , .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304:active { border:0!important; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304:active , .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304 .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57e6e870322cf4ef79a8c7ea75575304:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Feelings through Flippancy Arts Deceptive Imitation of Life EssayArchitectural designers have also found that VR can beuseful in visualizing what their buildings will look likewhen they are put together. Often, using a 2D diagram torepresent a 3D home is confusing, and the people that fundlarge projects would like to be able to see what they arepaying for before it is constructed. An example which isfascinating would be that of designing an elementary school. Designers could walk in the school from a childsperspective to gain insight on how high that water fountainis, or how narrow the halls are. Product designers couldalso use VR in similar ways to test their products. NASA and other aerospace facilities are concentratingresearch on such things as human factors engineering,virtual prototyping of buildings and military devices,aerodynamic analysis, flight simulation, 3D datavisualization, satellite position fixing, and planetaryexploration simulations. Such things as virtual windtunnels have been in development for a couple years andcould save money and energy for aerospace companies. Medical researchers have been using VR techniques tosynthesize diagnostic images of a patients body to dopredictive modeling of radiation treatment using imagescreated by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and X-ray. A radiation therapist in a virtual would could viewand expose a tumour at any angle and then model specificdoses and configurations of radiation beams to aim at thetumour more effectively. Since radiation destroys humantissue easily, there is no allowance for error. Also, doctors could use virtual cadavers to practicerare operations which are tough to perform. This is anexcellent use because one could perform the operation overand over without the worry of hurting any human life. However, this sort of practice may have its limitationsbecause of the fact that it is only a virtual world. Aswell, at this time, the computer-user interfaces are notwell enough developed and it is estimated that it will take5 to 10 years to develop this technology. In Japan, a company called Matsushita Electric World Ltd. is using VR to sell their products. They employ a VPLResearch head-mounted display linked to a high-poweredcomputer to help prospective customers design their ownkitchens. Being able to see what your kitchen will looklike before you actually refurnish could help you save fromcostly mistakes in the future. The entertainment industry stands to gain a lot from VR. With the video game revolution of bigger and better gamescoming out all the time, this could be the biggestbreakthrough ever. It would be fantastic to have swordfights which actually feel real. As well, virtual movies(also called vroomies) are being developed with allow theviewer to interact with the characters in the movie. Universal Studios among others is developing a virtualreality amusement park which will incorporate these gamesand vroomies. As it stands, almost every industry has something to gainfrom VR and in the years to comes, it appears that thepossibilities are endless. The Future of Virtual RealityIn the coming years, as more research is done we arebound to see VR become as mainstay in our homes and at work. As the computers become faster, they will be able to createmore realistic graphic images to simulate reality better. As well, new interfaces will be developed which willsimulate force and tactile feedback more effectively toenhance artificial reality that much more. This is thebirth of a new technology and it will be interesting to seehow it develops in the years to come. However, it may takelonger than people think for it to come into the mainstream. Millions of dollars in research must be done, and onlyselect industries can afford to pay for this. Hopefully, itwill be sooner than later though. It is very possible that in the future we will becommunicating with virtual phones. Nippon Telephone andTelegraph (NTT) in Japan is developing a system which willallow one person to see a 3D image of the other using VRtechniques.In the future, it is conceivable thatbusinessmen may hold conferences in a virtual meeting hallwhen they are actually at each ends of the world. NTT isdeveloping a new method of telephone transmission usingfiber optics which will allow for much larger amounts ofinformation to be passed through the phone lines. Thissystem is called the Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) which will help allow VR to be used in conjunctionwith other communication methods. Right now, it is very expensive to purchase, with thehead-mounted display costing anywhere from about $20,000 to$1,000,000 for NASAs Super Cockpit. In the future, VR willbe available to the end-user at home for under $1000 andwill be of better quality than that being developed today. The support for it will be about as good as it is currentlyfor plain computers, and it is possible that VR could becomea very useful teaching tool. Sources of InformationBooks and PeriodicalsBenningfield, Damond. The Virtues of Virtual Reality.Star Date, July/Aug. 1991, pp. 14-15. Burrill, William. Virtual Reality. Toronto Star, 13 July1991, pp. J1-3. Brill, Louis M. Facing Interface Issues. ComputerGraphics World, April 1992, pp. 48-58. Daviss, Bennett. Grand Illusions. Discover, June 1990,pp. 36-41. Emmett, Arielle. Down to Earth: Practical Applications ofVirtual Reality Find Commercial Uses.Computer Graphics World, March 1992, pp. 46-54. Peterson, Ivars. Recipes for Artificial Realities.Science News, 24 Nov. 1990, pp. 328-329. Peterson, Ivars. Looking-Glass Worlds. Science News,4 Jan 1992, pp. 8-15. Porter, Stephen. Virtual Reality. Computer GraphicsWorld, March 1992, pp. 42-43. Rheingold, Howard. Virtual Reality. Toronto: Summit Books,1991. Tisdale, Sallie. Its Been Real. Esquire, April 1991,pp. 36-40. Various. Virtual Reality Special Report. San Francisco:Meckler Publishing, 1992. Companies Contacted:Ascension Technology Corp. P.O Box 527Burlington, VT 05402(802)655-7879Polhemus Inc. P.O Box 560Colchester, VT 05446(802)655-3159Shooting Star Technology1921 Holdom Ave. Burnaby, BC V5B 3W4(604)298-8574Virtual TechnologiesP.O. Box 5984Stanford, CA 94309(415)599-2331VPL Research Inc. 656 Bair Island Rd. Third FloorRedwood City, CA 94063(415)361-1710